miniddy的部落格

The encounter of a balding, middle-aged gentleman stares unsmilingly into the camera. He is dressed in a match and tie and could move for a midlevel bureaucrat. But the photograph is that of Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, who has reworked a couple of terror cells harried to the verge of extinction into the most unsafe militant team in the globe. The Islamic Condition in Iraq and Syria has thrived and mutated in the course of the ongoing civil war in Syria and in the stability vacuum that followed the departure of the previous American forces from Iraq. The goal of ISIS is to produce an Islamic condition across Sunni regions of Iraq and in Syria. Terrorists achieve floor in Iraq preventing ISIS' enigmatic terror leader Militants seizing handle in Iraq ISIS leader referred to as the new bin Laden With the seizure of Mosul, Iraq's second-greatest town, and developments on others, that goal appears inside of achieve. ISIS controls hundreds of square miles where state authority has evaporated. It ignores global borders and has a existence all the way from Syria's Mediterranean coast to south of Baghdad. How to react to the ISIS menace What are its origins? In 2006, al Qaeda in Iraq -- under the ruthless leadership of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi -- embarked on seemingly arbitrary and brutal therapy of civilians as it tried to ignite a sectarian war against the vast majority Shia group. It arrived shut to succeeding, especially after the bombing of the Al-Askariya Mosque, an important Shia shrine in Samarra, which sparked retaliatory attacks. But the killing of al-Zarqawi by American forces, the vicious remedy of civilians and the emergence of the Sahwa (Awakening) Fronts below reasonable Sunni tribal leaders virtually ruined the team. Almost, but not fairly. When U.S. forces still left Iraq, they took much of their intelligence-collecting expertise with them. Iraqi officials commenced to converse of a "third generation" of al Qaeda in Iraq. Two several years back, a previous spokesman for the U.S. army in Iraq, Maj. Gen. Jeffrey Buchanan, warned that "if the Iraqi safety forces are not in a position to place stress on them, they could regenerate." The capacity of these Iraqi forces was fatally compromised by a deficiency of professional soldiers, the division of armed forces units alongside sectarian lines and a lack of the tools necessary for preventing an insurgency, this kind of as assault helicopters and reconnaissance capabilities. The new al Qaeda was rebranded in 2006 as the Islamic State in Iraq (ISI). It would add "and Syria" to its name afterwards. The group exploited a increasing perception among many Sunnis that they were becoming persecuted by the Shia-dominated authorities led by Primary Minister Nuri al-Maliki, starved of assets and excluded from a share of power. The arrest of senior Sunni political figures and weighty-handed suppression of Sunni dissent ended up the best recruiting sergeants ISI could have. And it aided the new chief re-set up the group's affect. Who is its learn of terror? Abu Bakr al Baghdadi graduated to the top job in 2010 -- at the age of 39 -- right after Abu Omar al Baghdadi was killed in a joint U.S.-Iraqi operation. Al Baghdadi's group was in a pitiful point out. But with U.S. forces and intelligence on the way out, he released a revival. Iraqi civilians from Mosul escape to a refugee camp in close proximity to Erbil, Iraq, on Thursday, June 12. Much more than 500,000 people fled in worry after extremist militants overran Mosul, Iraq's 2nd-greatest city, on June ten, the Worldwide Organization for Migration mentioned. Iraqi refugees pass an region in Erbil on June 12. Youthful refugees snooze in a tent at a short-term camp in Aski Kalak, Iraq, on June 12. A girl from Mosul stands outside her family's tent at a refugee camp around Erbil on Wednesday, June eleven. People get at a checkpoint in Iraq's Kurdish region on June 11. A man in a wheelchair is amid people fleeing the violence on June 11. A safety guard is witnessed at a Kurdish checkpoint on June eleven. Construction begins on refugee camps in Erbil on June 11. Autos clog a freeway as refugees flee Mosul on Tuesday, June ten. Refugees are observed in Erbil on June ten. Individuals believed to be refugees flee Mosul on June ten. Iraqi family members are presented drinking water as they obtain at a Kurdish checkpoint on June ten. The rush from Mosul led to bottlenecks at checkpoints as people tried out to get to safety in Erbil, about ninety kilometers (fifty six miles) to the east. Several folks are fleeing on foot. Mosul's four main hospitals are inaccessible due to the fact of fighting, and some mosques have been converted to act as clinics, the Global Firm for Migration mentioned. Iraqi law enforcement stand guard at a checkpoint in Baghdad. Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Iraqi civilians flee Mosul Hide CAPTION << < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15> >> Photographs: Iraqi civilians flee Mosul ?Map: Unrest in Iraq Map: Unrest in Iraq War games or war? Really minor is acknowledged about Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, but a biography posted on jihadist web sites very last yr mentioned he held a Ph.D. in Islamic studies from a college in the money. He formed his possess militant team in the Samarra and Diyala locations, in which his household was from, prior to joining al Qaeda in Iraq. Al Baghdadi even served four several years in a U.S. jail camp for insurgents, at Bucca in southern Iraq -- a time in which he virtually undoubtedly produced a community of contacts and honed his ideology. He was launched in 2009 and went to perform. What is ISIS trying to achieve? It would like to build an Islamic caliphate, or point out, stretching across the region. ISIS has begun imposing Sharia law in the cities it controls. Boys and women need to be divided at school females should put on the niqab or total veil in community. Sharia courts often dispense brutal justice, tunes is banned and the quick is enforced throughout Ramadan. Sharia law covers each religious and non-religious aspects of daily life. Exactly where does the group's funds occur from? In the beginning, al Baghdadi focused on secrecy -- with loosely linked cells generating it much more challenging to hunt down the management -- and on income. Extortion, this sort of as demanding money from truck motorists and threatening to blow up organizations, was a single profits stream robbing banking companies and gold outlets was an additional. It appeared the team had grow to be little more than gangsters, but the earnings would assist finance a growing stream of suicide attacks and assassinations that would poison the political atmosphere. It would also assist the recruitment of Sunni tribal fighters and finance spectacular prison raids that liberated hundreds of fighters, as effectively as attacks on law enforcement patrols and the assassination of officers. Now, al Baghdadi has a new strategy for producing resources: massive-scale attacks aimed at capturing and keeping territor 信箱服務. Ayham Kamel of the Eurasia Team, a U.S.-based consultancy, claims that in the most recent iteration of this strategy, ISIS will "use cash reserves from Mosul's banking institutions, navy equipment from seized military and law enforcement bases and the launch of two,five hundred fighters from local jails to bolster its armed forces and financial functionality." What is been its crucial to survival? Al Baghdadi avoided al-Zarqawi's errors by steering clear of the alienation of powerful tribal figures. When it captured Falluja, west of Baghdad, in January, it labored with local tribal leaders relatively than increase its black flag over the city. One particular of the group's ideologues, Abu Mohammed al-Adnani, even admitted: "As for our mistakes, we do not deny them. Relatively, we will continue to make problems as long as we are individuals. God forbid that we dedicate mistakes deliberately." How is it drawing assistance? ISIS is, in essence, attempting to capture and channel the resentment of the Sunni avenue. And in each Syria and Iraq, it is striving to win favor by way of dawa -- organizing social welfare plans and even leisure routines for children, distributing foods and gasoline to the needy, and environment up clinics. Again, having the cash issues. The value it requires is enforcement of the rigorous Sharia code. How does Syria suit into the image? A senior U.S. counterterrorism official instructed this week that ISIS seems at Syria and Iraq as "1 interchangeable battlefield and its ability to shift sources and staff throughout the border has measurably strengthened its position in the two theaters." The explosion of violence in Syria was a present to al Baghdadi. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad lost management over massive components of the North and the lengthy border with Iraq. The team, nonetheless recognized as ISI at the time, could develop a rear foundation in which it could recruit international fighters, manage and escape from any Iraqi army operations. Al Baghdadi may have sent operatives throughout the border as early as the autumn of 2011, and the group later on altered its name -- adding "al Sham" for Syria. It moved quickly to get control of the Syrian province of Raqqa, aided by the al-Assad regime's emphasis on Homs and Aleppo. What is its partnership with other al Qaeda groups? As it has developed in power, the group's vision of a caliphate under its handle has expanded. For western counterterrorism businesses, the mix of fanaticism and disciplined group is the nightmare circumstance. ISIS has loads of each Tim Lister There is no doubting the group's confidence and ambition Tim Lister Its ambition prolonged to declaring early in 2013 that it was absorbing one more militant group in Syria, the al-Nusra Front. According to some accounts, al Baghdadi had been instrumental in generating the team now he needed its obedience. The declaration -- and al-Nusra's rejection of it -- established off a rare general public clash among two teams that the two noticed on their own as portion of al Qaeda. From his hideout somewhere in Afghanistan or Pakistan, al Qaeda chief Ayman al-Zawahiri at 1st experimented with to mediate between the two, and then disowned ISIS when it refused to focus on Iraq. Instead than seek out reconciliation, ISIS has hit back. Previously this year, the group's spokesman, Abu Mohammed al-Adnani, instructed al-Zawahiri in a recording: "Sheikh Osama (bin Laden) gathered all the mujahideen with a single term, but you divided them and tore them aside." "You make the mujahideen unfortunate, and make the enemy of the mujahideen gloat simply because you assist the traitor, and you make the coronary heart bleed," he mentioned -- referring to the leader of the al-Nusra Entrance, Abu Mohammed al-Jolani. It was one more signal of the amazing confidence of the ISIS leadership. Mosul: Militants storm Turkish consulate Towns under siege in Iraq ISIS attacks power Iraqi citizens to flee In spite of the rift, ISIS' accomplishment towards what are seen by militant Sunnis as loathsome Shia regimes in Syria and Iraq has captivated countless numbers of foreign fighters to its ranks, enabling it to carry on battling al-Nusra in Syria even though making ready for its big offensive in Iraq. What is its technique? For Western counterterrorism businesses, the mix of fanaticism and disciplined group is the nightmare scenario. ISIS has lots of equally. Even though the entire world was shocked by its sudden seize of the metropolis of Falluja, ISIS was still concentrated on a even bigger prize: Mosul and the province of Nineveh. Operations in Falluja and somewhere else in the western province of Anbar ended up intended to (and did) draw Iraqi forces away from the north. It has developed an ability to carry out operations -- from suicide bombings and assaults on the safety forces to wresting manage of cities -- in several regions at once, keeping the demoralized Iraqi army off harmony. And fight knowledge has created a resilient drive able of ever a lot more sophisticated attacks. In raids on Samarra, for example, its fighters utilised bulldozers to take away limitations that had been in spot because the U.S. profession. Some analysts count on crucial parts of the Iraqi oil infrastructure all around Mosul to be among its potential targets. In which does its weak spot lie? ISIS runs the threat that its fast enlargement -- and threat to the Iraqi state -- will overstretch the group. In northern Syria, it has retreated from some cities it held soon after clashes with al-Nusra and other groups. Al-Nusra is generating common lead to with other groups in an anti-ISIS front. And by taking Mosul, which Iraq's Kurds see as in their sphere of curiosity, ISIS may invite greater cooperation in between the Iraqi army and skilled Kurdish fighters. A U.S. counterterrorism formal instructed that ISIS "even now has important weaknesses. It has revealed little ability to govern properly, is typically unpopular, and has no sway outside the house the Sunni neighborhood in either Iraq or Syria." To several analysts, that smacks of complacency. How significant is its risk? The weak point of the governments ISIS is confronting -- and the hatred for people governments amongst Sunnis -- implies that a handful of dozen truckloads of fighters can seize towns and metropolitan areas, overcoming forces a lot of occasions greater by their sheer ferocity and struggle knowledge. In the words of the Soufan Team, a political chance consultancy, "ISIS has turn out to be indisputably the most effective and ruthless terrorist group in the globe." "It now problems the authority of two of the premier states in the Middle East, and has captivated significant numbers of fighters, not just from Iraq and Syria, but also from Saudi Arabia and other Arab states such as Jordan." There is no doubting the group's self confidence and ambition. ISIS spokesman al-Adnani took to Twitter Wednesday to declare, "The struggle is not yet raging it, but it will rage in Baghdad and Karbala. Set on your belts and get completely ready," according to a translation by the Site Intelligence Group. Al-Adnani openly mocked al-Maliki as an underwear salesman who experienced misplaced Iraq for the Shia.文件倉